Borzoi
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Breed at a glance
- Origin
- Russia
- Weight
- 27–48 kg (60–105 lb) [ 2 ] : 130
- Height
- Males
- Coat
- medium length, silky and wavy, short length
- Colour
- any colour
- Litter size
- up to 11 [ citation needed ]
- Other names
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intro
The Borzoi [ a ] or Russian Hunting Sighthound [ b ] is a Russian breed of hunting dog of the sighthound type. It was formerly used for wolf hunting ; [ 2 ] : 125 until 1936, the breed was known as the Russian Wolfhound. [ 2 ] : 130 [ 3 ]
Health
A 2024 UK study found an average life expectancy of 12 years for Borzois, with a sample size of 43, compared to 12.7 for purebreds and 12 for mongrels . [ 16 ] An American study looking at echocardiographs of clinically healthy Borzoi found 53.8% to have heart murmurs , 30.2% to have trace or mild mitral regurgitation , 36.1% to have mild tricuspid regurgitation , and 14.4% to have cardiac disease . [ 17 ] Borzois, along with other sighthounds , recover slower from anaesthesia due to a lower volume of distribution and their lean muscle mass and low body-fat percentage. [ 18 ] Due to their anatomy, Borzois, like other large breeds, have a predisposition to developing gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV). [ 19 ] A 2020 study identified an association between GDV in Borzois and RNA Binding Motif Protein 26 (RBM26), although of unknown significance. [ 20 ]
History
The Borzoi originated in the sixteenth century Russia by crossing Saluki and European sighthounds with thick-coated Russian breeds. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The Borzoi was popular with the Tsars before the 1917 revolution . For centuries, Borzois could not be purchased but only given as gifts from the Tsar. Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich of Russia bred countless Borzoi at Perchino, his private estate. [ 7 ] : 10 [ 8 ] The Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1956. [ 9 ]
Etymology
Historically, Russian sighthounds were named through descriptive terms as opposed to actual names. Borzoi is the masculine singular form of an archaic Russian adjective that means 'fast'. Borzaya sobaka ('fast dog') is the basic term for sighthounds used by Russians, though sobaka is usually dropped. The name psovaya derived from the word psovina , which means 'wavy, silky coat', just as hortaya (as in hortaya borzaya ) means shorthaired. In modern Russian, the breed commonly called the Borzoi is officially known as russkaya psovaya borzaya . Other Russian sighthound breeds are stepnaya borzaya (from the steppe ), called stepnoi ; and krimskaya borzaya (from the Crimea ), called krimskoi . [ 4 ] [ failed verification ]
Appearance
Borzois are large Russian sighthounds that resemble some central Asian breeds such as the Afghan Hound , Saluki , and the Kyrgyz Taigan . Borzois come in a variety of colours. [ 10 ] The Borzoi coat is silky and flat, often wavy or slightly curly. The long top-coat is quite flat, with varying degrees of waviness or curling. The soft undercoat thickens during winter or in cold climates, but is shed in hot weather to prevent overheating. In its texture and distribution over the body, the Borzoi coat is unique. There should be a frill on its neck, as well as feathering on its hindquarters and tail. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Borzois have a uniquely long snout, likely originating from Greyhound ancestry.
Temperament
The Borzoi is an affectionate and athletic breed of dog with a calm temperament. [ 13 ] In terms of obedience, Borzois are selective learners who quickly become bored with repetitive activity, and they can be difficult to motivate. However, Borzois are capable of enjoying and performing well in competitive obedience and agility trials with sufficient training . [ 7 ] : 113 [ 14 ] [ 15 ]